Loops with involution and the Cayley-Dickson doubling process

We develop a theory of loops with involution. On this basis we define a Cayley-Dickson doubling on loops, and use it to investigate the lattice of varieties of loops with involution, focusing on properties that remain valid in the Cayley-Dickson double. Specializing to central-by-abelian loops with elementary abelian $2$-group quotients, we find conditions under which one can characterize the automorphism groups of iterated Cayley-Dickson doubles. A key result is a corrected proof that for $n>3$, the automorphism group of the Cayley-Dickson loop $Q_n$ is $\text{GL}_3(\mathbb{F}_2) \times \{\pm 1\}^{n-3}$.