BYOL-S: Learning Self-supervised Speech Representations by Bootstrapping
About
Methods for extracting audio and speech features have been studied since pioneering work on spectrum analysis decades ago. Recent efforts are guided by the ambition to develop general-purpose audio representations. For example, deep neural networks can extract optimal embeddings if they are trained on large audio datasets. This work extends existing methods based on self-supervised learning by bootstrapping, proposes various encoder architectures, and explores the effects of using different pre-training datasets. Lastly, we present a novel training framework to come up with a hybrid audio representation, which combines handcrafted and data-driven learned audio features. All the proposed representations were evaluated within the HEAR NeurIPS 2021 challenge for auditory scene classification and timestamp detection tasks. Our results indicate that the hybrid model with a convolutional transformer as the encoder yields superior performance in most HEAR challenge tasks.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Sound Classification | FSD50K | mAP52 | 60 | |
| Audio Representation Evaluation | HEAR (Holistic Evaluation of Audio Representations) | CREMA-D67.2 | 35 | |
| Environmental Sound Classification | ESC | Top-1 Acc83.8 | 28 | |
| Environmental Sound Classification | Gunshot triangulation | Top-1 Acc98.8 | 23 | |
| Beijing Opera percussion classification | Beijing Opera | Top-1 Acc97 | 22 | |
| Music genre and Speech vs Music classification | GTZAN | Genre Accuracy86.8 | 22 | |
| Percussion stroke and tonic classification | Mridangam | Stroke Accuracy97.8 | 22 | |
| Sound Event Detection | DCASE HEAR challenge | Onset FMS88.9 | 20 | |
| Environmental Sound Classification | Beehive states | Top-1 Acc59.7 | 11 | |
| Pitch and Chroma classification | NSynth 5h | Pitch Accuracy67 | 11 |