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StyleDrive: Towards Driving-Style Aware Benchmarking of End-To-End Autonomous Driving

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Personalization, while extensively studied in conventional autonomous driving pipelines, has been largely overlooked in the context of end-to-end autonomous driving (E2EAD), despite its critical role in fostering user trust, safety perception, and real-world adoption. A primary bottleneck is the absence of large-scale real-world datasets that systematically capture driving preferences, severely limiting the development and evaluation of personalized E2EAD models. In this work, we introduce the first large-scale real-world dataset explicitly curated for personalized E2EAD, integrating comprehensive scene topology with rich dynamic context derived from agent dynamics and semantics inferred via a fine-tuned vision-language model (VLM). We propose a hybrid annotation pipeline that combines behavioral analysis, rule-and-distribution-based heuristics, and subjective semantic modeling guided by VLM reasoning, with final refinement through human-in-the-loop verification. Building upon this dataset, we introduce the first standardized benchmark for systematically evaluating personalized E2EAD models. Empirical evaluations on state-of-the-art architectures demonstrate that incorporating personalized driving preferences significantly improves behavioral alignment with human demonstrations.

Ruiyang Hao, Bowen Jing, Haibao Yu, Zaiqing Nie• 2025

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
Closed-loop Autonomous DrivingBench2Drive
Driving Score (DS)77.02
49
Instruction-following Trajectory EvaluationPersonalized Driving Dataset Emergency Brake Scenario v1.0 (test)
Error Metric 17.2
9
Instruction-following Trajectory EvaluationPersonalized Driving Dataset Merging Scenario v1.0 (test)
Evaluation Score 18
9
Instruction-following Trajectory EvaluationPersonalized Driving Dataset Overtaking Scenario v1.0 (test)
E1 Score8.1
9
Instruction-following Trajectory EvaluationPersonalized Driving Dataset Traffic Sign Scenario v1.0 (test)
Trajectory Score E18.3
9
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