mHC-lite: You Don't Need 20 Sinkhorn-Knopp Iterations
About
Hyper-Connections (HC) generalizes residual connections by introducing dynamic residual matrices that mix information across multiple residual streams, accelerating convergence in deep neural networks. However, unconstrained residual matrices can compromise training stability. To address this, DeepSeek's Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (mHC) approximately projects these matrices onto the Birkhoff polytope via iterative Sinkhorn--Knopp (SK) normalization. We identify two limitations of this approach: (i) finite SK iterations do not guarantee exact doubly stochasticity, leaving an approximation gap that can accumulate through network depth and undermine stability; (ii) efficient SK implementation requires highly specialized CUDA kernels, raising engineering barriers and reducing portability. Motivated by the Birkhoff--von Neumann theorem, we propose mHC-lite, a simple reparameterization that explicitly constructs doubly stochastic matrices as convex combinations of permutation matrices. This approach guarantees exact doubly stochasticity by construction and can be implemented using only native matrix operations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that mHC-lite matches or exceeds mHC in performance while achieving higher training throughput with a naive implementation and eliminating the residual instabilities observed in both HC and mHC. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/FFTYYY/mhc-lite.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language Modeling | C4 | Perplexity98.3 | 1071 | |
| Language Modeling | OpenWebText (val) | Validation Loss3.023 | 80 | |
| Commonsense Reasoning | Commonsense Reasoning Suite (test) | HellaSwag Accuracy0.352 | 62 | |
| Language Modeling | WikiText | Wikitext PPL58 | 45 | |
| Language Modeling | OpenWebText (train) | Train Loss3.001 | 21 | |
| Language Modeling | FineWeb-Edu (val) | Final Validation Loss3.006 | 18 | |
| Downstream Performance Evaluation | CORE | CORE Score13.217 | 17 | |
| Language Modeling | FineWeb-Edu (train) | Loss3.013 | 10 | |
| Language Modeling | Dolma | Perplexity223 | 10 | |
| Language Modeling | Falcon | Perplexity124.9 | 10 |