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VerChol -- Grammar-First Tokenization for Agglutinative Languages

About

Tokenization is the foundational step in all large language model (LLM) pipelines, yet the dominant approach Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) and its variants is inherently script agnostic and optimized for English like morphology. For agglutinative languages a typological class encompassing the Dravidian family (Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam), Turkic languages (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Uzbek), Uralic languages (Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian), Korean, Japanese, Swahili, Basque, and others, a single word may encode root, tense, aspect, person, number, gender agreement, case, and postpositions into one orthographic unit. Statistical tokenizers fragment these words into byte pair chunks that sever morpheme boundaries and inflate token counts.

Prabhu Raja• 2026

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
TokenizationTamil Wikipedia freq >= 3 (Full Evaluation)
Total Tokens9.15e+5
4
Token FertilityEnglish--
4
Token FertilityHindi--
4
Token FertilityTamil--
4
Token FertilityKannada--
4
Token FertilityTelugu--
4
Token FertilityMalayalam--
4
Token FertilityTurkish--
4
Token FertilityFinnish--
4
Token FertilityKorean--
4
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