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E3-TIR: Enhanced Experience Exploitation for Tool-Integrated Reasoning

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While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR), existing training paradigms face significant limitations: Zero-RL suffers from inefficient exploration and mode degradation due to a lack of prior guidance, while SFT-then-RL is limited by high data costs and capability plateaus caused by low-entropy collapse. To address these challenges, we propose E3-TIR (Enhanced Experience Exploitation), a warm-up paradigm for the early stages of agent training. Specifically, we formulate training as the dynamic integration of three experience types: Expert Prefixes, Expert Guided, and Self-Exploration. By executing diverse branching exploration around expert "anchors" and employing a mix policy optimization mechanism, we effectively mitigate distribution shifts and resolve optimization conflicts arising from shared prefixes. Our method dynamically adapts the model's knowledge boundaries, effectively balancing exploration diversity with training efficiency.Experimental results demonstrate that E3-TIR achieves a 6 performance improvement over traditional paradigms on tool-use tasks, while requiring less than 10 of the synthetic data. Furthermore, in terms of ROI, a comprehensive metric integrating performance, data cost, and training efficiency we achieve a 1.46x gain compared to baselines. Code is available at https://github.com/yuki-younai/E3-TIR.

Weiyang Guo, Zesheng Shi, Liye Zhao, Jiayuan Ma, Zeen Zhu, Junxian He, Min Zhang, Jing Li• 2026

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
Knowledge-intensive reasoningKnowledge-Intensive Reasoning Suite 2Wiki., Bamb., HQA, MuSi., SimQA
2Wiki Score57.4
25
General ReasoningAggregated Reasoning Tasks 10-Task Combination
Average Score52.2
15
Mathematical ReasoningMathematical Reasoning Suite AIME24, AIME25, AMC23, GSM8K, MATH500
AIME 2024 Score23.2
15
Agent TaskScienceWorld
Success Rate67.5
11
Reasoning10 challenging reasoning tasks Combined
Average Score46.7
10
Computational ReasoningComputational Reasoning Suite AIME24, AIME25, AMC23, GSM8K, MATH
AIME24 Score19
10
ExplorationAlfWorld
Success Rate (Last Epoch)89
10
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