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Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series

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The development of the Bielik v3 PL series, encompassing both the 7B and 11B parameter variants, represents a significant milestone in the field of language-specific large language model (LLM) optimization. While general-purpose models often demonstrate impressive multilingual capabilities, they frequently suffer from a fundamental architectural inefficiency: the use of universal tokenizers. These tokenizers, typically designed to cover a broad spectrum of languages, often fail to capture the morphological nuances of specific languages like Polish, leading to higher fertility ratios, increased inference costs, and restricted effective context windows. This report details the transition from the universal Mistral-based tokenization to a dedicated Polish-optimized vocabulary for the Bielik v3 models, exploring the FOCUS-based embedding initialization, the multi-stage pretraining curriculum, and the subsequent post-training alignment involving Supervised Fine-Tuning, Direct Preference Optimization, and Reinforcement Learning through Group Relative Policy Optimization with verifiable rewards.

Krzysztof Ociepa, {\L}ukasz Flis, Remigiusz Kinas, Krzysztof Wr\'obel, Adrian Gwo\'zdziej• 2026

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
Emotional IntelligencePolish EQ-Bench
Overall Score71.2
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Polish Text UnderstandingCPTUB
Overall Avg3.8
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Language UnderstandingPolish Open Leaderboard
Average Performance65.93
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Multilingual Language ProficiencyINCLUDE base 44
Average Score64.8
46
Large Language Model EvaluationOpen LLM Leaderboard
Average Score72.45
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Reading ComprehensionBelebele 28 European languages
Overall Score82.98
34
Polish Board Certification Examinationsspeakleash/PES 2018-2022
Average Score50.21
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Machine TranslationFLORES
Average Score19.22
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Reading ComprehensionBelebele Polish
Accuracy82.11
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