Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
About
The development of the Bielik v3 PL series, encompassing both the 7B and 11B parameter variants, represents a significant milestone in the field of language-specific large language model (LLM) optimization. While general-purpose models often demonstrate impressive multilingual capabilities, they frequently suffer from a fundamental architectural inefficiency: the use of universal tokenizers. These tokenizers, typically designed to cover a broad spectrum of languages, often fail to capture the morphological nuances of specific languages like Polish, leading to higher fertility ratios, increased inference costs, and restricted effective context windows. This report details the transition from the universal Mistral-based tokenization to a dedicated Polish-optimized vocabulary for the Bielik v3 models, exploring the FOCUS-based embedding initialization, the multi-stage pretraining curriculum, and the subsequent post-training alignment involving Supervised Fine-Tuning, Direct Preference Optimization, and Reinforcement Learning through Group Relative Policy Optimization with verifiable rewards.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional Intelligence | Polish EQ-Bench | Overall Score71.2 | 106 | |
| Polish Text Understanding | CPTUB | Overall Avg3.8 | 98 | |
| Language Understanding | Polish Open Leaderboard | Average Performance65.93 | 53 | |
| Multilingual Language Proficiency | INCLUDE base 44 | Average Score64.8 | 46 | |
| Large Language Model Evaluation | Open LLM Leaderboard | Average Score72.45 | 41 | |
| Reading Comprehension | Belebele 28 European languages | Overall Score82.98 | 34 | |
| Polish Board Certification Examinations | speakleash/PES 2018-2022 | Average Score50.21 | 32 | |
| Machine Translation | FLORES | Average Score19.22 | 20 | |
| Reading Comprehension | Belebele Polish | Accuracy82.11 | 13 |