Share your thoughts, 1 month free Claude Pro on usSee more
WorkDL logo mark

Minimizing Modality Gap from the Input Side: Your Speech LLM Can Be a Prosody-Aware Text LLM

About

Speech large language models (SLMs) are typically built from text large language model (TLM) checkpoints, yet they still suffer from a substantial modality gap. Prior work has mainly attempted to reduce this gap from the output side by making speech generation more text-like, but the gap remains. We argue that the key remaining bottleneck lies on the input side. We propose TextPro-SLM, an SLM that makes spoken input more closely resemble that of a prosody-aware text LLM. TextPro-SLM combines WhisperPro, a unified speech encoder that produces synchronized text tokens and prosody embeddings, with an LLM backbone trained to preserve the semantic capabilities of the original TLM while learning paralinguistic understanding. Experiments show that TextPro-SLM achieves the lowest modality gap among leading SLMs at both 3B and 7B scales, while also delivering strong overall performance on paralinguistic understanding tasks. These gains are achieved with only roughly 1,000 hours of LLM training audio, suggesting that reducing the modality gap from the input side is both effective and data-efficient.

Wenqian Cui, Xiao-Hui Li, Daxin Tan, Qiyong Zheng, Irwin King• 2026

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
Multi-task Language UnderstandingMMSU
Accuracy66.7
23
Question AnsweringOpenBookQA
Accuracy85.1
17
Question AnsweringARC Challenge
Accuracy89.4
17
Commonsense ReasoningSpoken StoryCloze
Accuracy88.8
17
Commonsense ReasoningPIQA
Accuracy70.8
17
Question AnsweringARC Easy
Accuracy95.9
13
Paralinguistic UnderstandingParalinguistic Understanding Tasks (test)
Emotion Accuracy60.5
10
Math ReasoningVoxEval Elementary
Accuracy80
4
Math ReasoningVoxEval High School
Accuracy71.3
4
Math ReasoningVoxEval College
Accuracy52.2
4
Showing 10 of 11 rows

Other info

Follow for update