Logit-Attention Divergence: Mitigating Position Bias in Multi-Image Retrieval via Attention-Guided Calibration
About
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in multi-image cross-modal retrieval, yet suffer from severe position bias, where predictions are dominated by input order rather than semantic relevance. Through empirical analysis, we identify a phenomenon termed Logit-Attention Divergence, in which output logits are heavily biased while internal attention maps remain well-aligned with relevant visual evidence. This observation reveals a fundamental limitation of existing logit-level calibration methods such as PriDe. Based on this insight, we propose a training-free, attention-guided debiasing framework that leverages intrinsic attention signals for instance-level correction at inference time, requiring only a minimal calibration set with negligible computational overhead. Experiments on MS-COCO-based benchmarks show that our method substantially improves permutation invariance and achieves state-of-the-art performance, enhancing accuracy by over 40\% compared to baselines. Code is available at https://github.com/brightXian/LAD.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-image retrieval | MS-COCO Adversarial | Accuracy76.64 | 33 | |
| Multi-image retrieval | MS-COCO Random Setting N=4 (test) | Accuracy98.66 | 18 | |
| Multi-image retrieval | MS-COCO Random | Accuracy94.92 | 15 | |
| Multiple Choice Selection Accuracy | LLaVA Random N=8 OneVision (full evaluation set) | Accuracy94.92 | 4 | |
| Multiple Choice Selection Accuracy | LLaVA Random N=4 full OneVision (evaluation) | Accuracy98.66 | 4 | |
| Multiple Choice Selection Accuracy | LLaVA Adv N=4 OneVision (full evaluation set) | Accuracy71.06 | 4 | |
| Multiple Choice Selection Accuracy | LLaVA Adv N=8 OneVision (full evaluation set) | Accuracy55.34 | 4 | |
| Emotion Recognition | MMIU emotion_expw | Accuracy31.8 | 3 | |
| Emotion Recognition | MMIU emotion_findingemo | Accuracy26.9 | 3 | |
| Forensic Detection | MMIU forensic_forgerynet | Accuracy87.4 | 3 |