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DIVE: Embedding Compression via Self-Limiting Gradient Updates

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High-dimensional language-model embeddings increase storage and search costs, while supervised compressors can overfit when relevance labels are scarce. We present DIVE (Dimensionality reduction with Implicit View Ensembles), a residual compression adapter codesigned with a self-limiting hinge loss, geometry distillation, and head-wise NT-Xent over implicit coordinate views. The hinge stops updating satisfied ranking constraints, while the dense objectives stabilize the compressed representation; only the first head is retained at inference. Under query-disjoint evaluation with two LLM2Vec backbones, five BEIR benchmarks, 128d and 256d outputs, and six baselines, DIVE is the strongest adapter on all five primary benchmarks. It also outperforms PCA and an autoencoder in comparisons against unsupervised compressors.

Dongfang Zhao• 2026

Related benchmarks

TaskDatasetResultRank
Information RetrievalBEIR
SciFact0.9954
174
Information RetrievalBEIR (test)--
130
Information RetrievalFIQA BEIR (test)
nDCG@1093.19
44
Information RetrievalSciFact BEIR
NDCG@1099.36
36
Information RetrievalArguana BEIR
NDCG@1065.2
35
Information RetrievalQuora BEIR
nDCG@1093.61
22
Information RetrievalNFCorpus Full BEIR
nDCG@1079.32
11
Information RetrievalBEIR scidocs (test)
nDCG@100.2662
10
Information RetrievalScidocs BEIR--
6
Information RetrievalBEIR nfcorpus (test)
nDCG@1083.13
5
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