World Tracing: Generative Pixel-Aligned Geometry Beyond the Visible
About
Image-to-3D methods often trade off faithfulness and completeness: depth estimators are anchored to input pixels but stop at the visible surface, while image-to-3D models generate complete shapes that are often misaligned with the input. We introduce World Tracing, a generative pixel-aligned geometry representation that predicts 3D points aligned with observed pixels while completing geometry beyond the visible surface. For each input pixel, World Tracing predicts an ordered stack of camera-space 3D points, where the first layer represents the visible surface and subsequent layers represent front-to-back intersections with occluded surfaces. We instantiate this representation with a world-tracing diffusion transformer, WT-DiT, which treats multiple geometry layers as separate denoising tokens coupled through factorized and global attention. WT-DiT is trained with pixel-space flow matching and a mixed noise schedule that balances visible-surface reconstruction with occluded-geometry generation. World Tracing achieves strong performance on visible-surface reconstruction and complete geometry generation across object, scene, and dynamic benchmarks, outperforming both depth predictors and image-to-3D generators. It also preserves 2D-to-3D correspondence, enabling text-driven 3D scene editing, geometry-conditioned novel-view video synthesis, and training-free integration with textured-mesh generators.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depth Estimation | NYU Depth V2 | RMSE0.1312 | 226 | |
| Depth Estimation | ETH3D Indoor | AbsRel0.0332 | 8 | |
| Depth Estimation | ETH3D Outdoor | AbsRel0.0451 | 8 | |
| Scene Geometry | 3D-FRONT 50 samples (held-out) | MAE0.0102 | 7 | |
| Image-to-3D Reconstruction | 100-sample object benchmark | L1 Error0.0213 | 6 | |
| Scene Geometry | Internal generalization probe (test) | MAE0.0328 | 6 | |
| Visible Surface Depth Estimation | Objects 100-sample benchmark (held-out) | MAE0.0149 | 6 | |
| Dynamic Geometry Reconstruction | Truebone | Global CD-L20.0063 | 4 | |
| Dynamic Geometry Reconstruction | Objaverse-XL (val) | Global CD-L20.0034 | 4 | |
| Dynamic Geometry Reconstruction | ActionBench | Global CD-L20.0291 | 4 |