DynFly: Dynamic-Aware Continuous Trajectory Generation for UAV Vision-Language Navigation in Urban Environments
About
Recent advances in multimodal large models have significantly improved UAV vision-language navigation (UAV-VLN) by enhancing high-level perception and reasoning. However, existing methods mainly focus on predicting discrete actions, local targets, or sparse waypoints, while the continuous transition from navigation intent to executable UAV motion remains weakly modeled. This motion-interface gap limits the continuity, stability, and executability of generated UAV trajectories. To address this gap, we propose DynFly, a dynamic-aware continuous trajectory generation framework that bridges high-level navigation reasoning and executable UAV motion. DynFly bridges high-level navigation intent and continuous UAV motion through a lightweight trajectory generation layer. Specifically, it represents expert trajectories in B-spline control-point space and employs a Spline-DiT generator to learn conditional trajectory generation via flow matching. Furthermore, we introduce UAV-oriented dynamic-aware supervision over position, finite-difference velocity, finite-difference acceleration, heading consistency, and local target alignment, enabling the generated trajectories to better satisfy UAV motion characteristics. And our trajectory generation framework can also be integrated with an existing UAV-VLN framework while preserving its original visual-language reasoning pipeline. Extensive experiments on the OpenUAV UAV-VLN benchmark show that DynFly improves both navigation performance and trajectory quality. On the Test Unseen Full split, DynFly improves the strongest baseline by 4.69 NDTW, 2.40 SDTW, 2.14 SR points and 4.87 OSR points, while reducing NE by 4.51 m.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vision-Language Navigation | OpenUAV unseen hard 1.0 (test) | Navigation Error (NE)99.73 | 45 | |
| Vision-Language Navigation | OpenUAV unseen easy 1.0 (test) | Navigation Error (NE)64.85 | 45 | |
| Vision-and-Language Navigation | OpenUAV Easy (test seen) | Navigation Error (m)33.46 | 37 | |
| Vision-and-Language Navigation | OpenUAV Seen Hard (test) | Navigation Error (m)76.85 | 37 | |
| Vision-and-Language Navigation | OpenUAV Full (test seen) | Navigation Error (NE)53.66 | 23 | |
| UAV Vision-Language Navigation | OpenUAV unseen (Full test) | NE83.31 | 8 |