Spin-Weighted Spherical Harmonics Enable Complete and Scalable $\mathrm{E}(3)$-Equivariant Networks
About
$\mathrm{E}(3)$-equivariant networks are promising for 3D atomistic system modeling, yet their scalability is limited by the $O(L^6)$ complexity of the Clebsch-Gordan Tensor Product (CGTP). The recently proposed Gaunt Tensor Product (GTP) reduces the complexity but is unable to capture the antisymmetric paths, resulting in incomplete expressivity. In this work, we present SpinGTP, an approach to overcome the GTP incompleteness by generalizing from scalar functions to Spin-Weighted Spherical Harmonics (SWSH). By relying on the algebraic properties of SWSH, SpinGTP recovers the missing antisymmetric interactions while maintaining the asymptotic efficiency of GTP. It also allows for a more expressive equivariant basis that naturally accounts for the parity-odd components of tensor products. We evaluate SpinGTP across diverse benchmarks, including Tetris, 3BPA, SPICE-MACE-OFF, and OC20. Our results show that SpinGTP achieves accuracies comparable to full CGTP. Notably, by explicitly capturing antisymmetric paths, SpinGTP exhibits superior performance in tasks involving chiral materials and non-centrosymmetric geometries. This work provides a complete, scalable, and mathematically rigorous path toward high-order equivariance in large-scale 3D atomistic system simulations.
Related benchmarks
| Task | Dataset | Result | Rank | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interatomic Potential Prediction | 3BPA 600 K | Energy RMSE (meV)9.6 | 22 | |
| Interatomic Potential Prediction | 3BPA 1200 K | Energy RMSE (meV)29 | 22 | |
| Interatomic Potential Prediction | 3BPA 300 K | Energy RMSE (meV)2.9 | 22 | |
| Energy Prediction | OC20 IS2RE-Direct (val) | Energy MAE (ID)0.5066 | 7 | |
| Energy and force prediction | SPICE-MACE-OFF Chiral DES370 (test) | Energy MAE (meV/atom)2.4 | 4 | |
| Energy and force prediction | SPICE-MACE-OFF Chiral Dipeptides (test) | Energy MAE (meV/atom)3.2 | 4 | |
| Interatomic Potential Prediction | 3BPA (Dihedral split) | RMSE Energy (meV)8.9 | 4 | |
| Chirality classification | SPICE-MACE-OFF Chirality Subset (val) | Validation Accuracy (Epoch 1)67.4 | 4 | |
| Energy and force prediction | SPICE-MACE-OFF Chiral PubChem (test) | Energy MAE (meV/atom)5.7 | 4 | |
| Energy and force prediction | SPICE-MACE-OFF Chiral Amino Acids (test) | Energy MAE (meV/atom)6.6 | 4 |