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Online Continual Test-time Adaptation on ImageNet-C Severity 5 (test)

63.4Accuracy (Gaussian Noise, ImageNet-C S5)

CoTTA

Updated 2mo ago

Evaluation Results

Method	Links
CoTTA 2026.05		63.4	64.3	61.6	35.9	50.1	47.7	44.6	38.2	48.8	42.3	54.2	5.2	55.5	56.3	54.7	48.2
Source 2026.05		62.6	64.2	61.9	70.2	75.3	68.2	68.7	63.5	55.5	49.9	31.7	78.1	60.5	47.5	46.9	60.3
CoTTA 2026.05		61.9	61.6	57.9	68.6	71	63.8	65	58.1	48.7	43.7	29.8	71.9	49.3	41.4	39.7	55.5
FOA 2026.05		61.9	64	64.5	57	56.7	61.6	61.2	68.8	71.7	74.2	81	67.2	61.4	74.1	73.3	66.6
EVA-0 2026.05		61.8	63.6	64.2	58.3	56.3	62.3	60.9	70.1	69.2	74.1	81	68.9	66.6	74	73.3	67
TENT 2026.05		60.3	58.5	53.5	70.7	71.3	64	66.7	58.6	49.9	43.5	30.9	67.5	55.8	45.2	44.1	56
TENT 2026.05		60.3	63.8	64.8	55	55.7	60.9	56.4	61.8	63.4	70	78.6	64.5	50.1	70.2	70.5	63.1
EVA-0† 2026.05		60.1	62	62.6	55.8	53.3	61.2	57.8	67.3	66	70.9	79.6	66.8	62	72.1	72.1	64.6
DeYO 2026.05		59.8	61.4	61.1	49.8	55	55.9	18.2	61	61.1	65.2	76.9	49.1	63.8	70.4	69.3	58.5
SAR 2026.05		59.2	61.3	61.6	54.6	55.4	58.8	56.1	61.1	62.2	64.9	76.8	60.3	58.3	68.7	69.2	61.9
FOZO 2026.05		58.7	59.3	60	53.9	42.3	57.2	50.6	66.3	61.5	68.5	78.5	62.3	53.6	69.2	70	60.8
ZOA 2026.05		58.2	60.5	61.7	49.9	46.9	57.6	54.4	64.3	62.8	66.3	78.5	59.6	55.7	69.5	70.6	61.1
FOA† 2026.05		58.2	60	61.1	40.1	10.5	11.5	12.1	12.7	9.9	16.4	16.9	6.6	5.2	5.1	7.5	22.3
RMT 2026.05		57	55.9	53.7	61.7	62.2	54.8	57.7	45.7	42	37.1	28.8	55.6	41	35.3	34.7	48.2
NoAdapt 2026.05		56.8	56.8	57.5	46.9	35.6	53.1	44.8	62.2	62.5	65.7	77.7	32.6	46	67	67.6	55.5
EATA 2026.05		55.3	49.8	46.3	68	63.7	55	58.1	52.7	42.9	40.4	28.8	55.6	49.6	40.9	39.5	49.8
OBAO 2026.05		51.4	49.3	48.4	63.8	62.3	54.8	54.5	49.4	45	42.4	29.3	56	42.9	37.3	37.5	48.3
DPCore 2026.05		50.8	45.9	46.1	64.3	57	52.4	51.5	46.6	41.8	40.5	28.6	65.3	42.7	41.9	39.2	47.6
Ours 2026.05		48.9	45.9	45.6	54.9	56.5	43.4	54.9	40.7	39.8	34.7	29.2	43.7	43.2	42.2	37.5	44.1
CMAE 2026.05		48.2	46.6	47	64.1	62.9	50.7	62.9	59.1	43.2	34.2	28.5	79.9	65.8	41.3	39.7	51.6
DDA 2026.05		43	48	46.6	72.3	66.5	67.6	67.2	63.9	54.4	70.4	36.6	89.3	50.3	41.6	43.1	57.4
SDA 2026.05		41.4	47.4	45.7	70.7	64.3	65	65.6	61.5	54.3	69.9	35	89.3	47.5	39	40.3	55.8
DeYO 2026.05		40.7	48.4	47.9	9.2	12.1	16.3	18.5	3.1	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	13.2
EVA-0 2026.05		37	40.4	39.5	28.2	23.1	38.4	45.1	50.3	51.8	60.2	72.3	49.1	40.5	52.6	56	45.6
CoTTA 2026.05		32.3	41.9	44.9	15.9	28.2	29.2	30.9	24.1	33	37.9	49.5	33.4	27	46.4	41.3	34.4
EVA-0† 2026.05		32.3	38.4	37.5	24.3	18.8	33.5	38.2	45.3	47.8	53	71.4	47.3	29.3	50.6	56.6	41.6
SAR 2026.05		32.1	38.7	38.7	27.7	30.5	35.7	42.9	36.7	36.7	47.7	59.3	32.2	47.5	50.8	47.5	40.3
FOZO 2026.05		32.1	34.1	34.2	14	6.9	16.6	21.7	25.3	38.8	37.7	56.8	30.9	15	49.1	52.2	31
ZOA 2026.05		29	27.6	27.8	24.2	14	25	33.3	42	42.3	53.8	70	43.7	26.8	34.4	54.1	36.5
CoDiRe 2025.06		27.57	31.39	32.01	33.74	27.13	42.2	48.11	56.02	55.2	64.28	75.19	44.03	50.61	62.15	57.81	47.16
FOA 2026.05		27.3	31	30.1	18.4	13.3	23.8	26.7	40.4	25.1	2.3	9.5	1.4	0.5	1.2	1.6	16.8
FOA† 2026.05		26.8	32.6	31	18.5	13.8	24.2	25.7	39.2	12.7	1.9	9.6	2.6	1.4	2.7	3.7	16.4
TENT 2026.05		24.2	6.3	0.8	6.8	1.6	0.9	1.2	1.7	0.4	0.5	5.2	1	0.1	0.3	2.2	3.5
CLIP 2025.06		22.94	23.2	24.06	31.5	19.8	35.84	33.58	45	39.34	47.26	62.88	34.54	25.74	50.68	42.02	35.89
NOTE 2025.06		22.76	21.65	22.33	0.16	2.61	6.2	18.98	23.91	39.02	26.41	62.79	17.09	17.41	13.49	33.33	21.88
NoAdapt 2026.05		22.1	23	22	19.8	11.4	21.5	25	40.3	47	34	68.8	36.2	18.5	29.2	52.6	31.4
Source 2025.06		18.32	18.88	17.7	16.72	8.7	19.02	25.76	27.64	30	35.22	63.36	20.94	12.16	25.58	47.88	25.86
MEMO 2025.06		14.47	16.67	14.83	13.24	11.14	18.79	26.99	31.86	32.87	23.12	61.01	2.39	19.71	31.43	46.34	24.32
RoTTA 2025.06		12.13	11.94	11.91	1.59	4.89	11.87	32.9	30.25	38.86	45.83	64.1	18.98	25.49	26.25	33.68	24.71
SAR 2025.06		11.15	13.83	11.09	9.79	11.03	19.9	34.83	37.44	39.73	53.85	66.01	19.29	38.79	38.21	36.01	29.4
CoTTA 2025.06		11.04	13.68	11.41	9.81	10.27	20.3	33.82	35.87	38.25	53.87	65.21	16.22	37.24	34.81	31.63	28.23
Tent 2025.06		10.73	13.75	11.26	9.92	11.18	21.09	34.66	36.71	40.97	55.73	66.64	19.71	39.39	37.51	37.86	29.81
ViDA 2025.06		10.65	13.67	10.45	10.08	10.77	20.97	34.21	36.42	38.95	54.42	65.89	17.83	37.65	34.49	32.71	28.61
SANTA 2025.06		10.42	14.21	10.65	9.64	10.97	20.87	35.18	37.12	40.59	55.15	65.75	18.38	39.03	36.79	36.01	29.38
EATA 2025.06		10.32	14.11	12.37	10.26	11.68	20.55	33.9	37.31	40.08	52.98	64.45	22.59	40.08	41.89	41.55	30.28
BN Adapt 2025.06		10.12	12.36	10.18	9.7	10.1	20.28	34.46	35.5	38.06	53.18	65.88	16.28	36.66	34.82	30.74	27.89
DeYO 2025.06		9.44	14.06	12.4	10.52	12.42	21.28	35.22	38.02	42.1	54.4	64.54	24.72	41.92	42.34	41.76	31.01